ࡱ> @ $jbjb&& ]QDD l    8D`$ ;^XT p , D& @ &  (ld8 ""  n V@8, >|   4X ;;dx? ?  Asbestos diseases and their regulation Asbestos poses a range of risks to people who inhale its dust and fibres. This Fact sheet gives background to tackling asbestos and complements the two additional fact sheets on asbestos (see below) which are on the 51 web site. Background Asbestos fire resistance and strong fibrous nature led to its use as an insulator and fire-proofing material and as a reinforcing agent in cement and plastic products. It was quickly adopted for use across a broad range of industries, as an insulator on boilers, steam systems and tools, as fire-proofing material in building sprayed onto girders, reinforcement in cement goods, linoleum and floor tiles, in brake and clutch material in vehicles, and a range of domestic and other textiles for items like oven gloves, fire blankets, ironing board pads and heatproof garments for fire-fighters. Asbestos-related diseases Asbestos fibres unfortunately proved to be highly dangerous; inhaling them causes disease. The fibres are extremely fine, and although asbestos feels smooth and silky, the fibres are hard and sharp. They are so fine that, once inhaled, they avoid the normal respiratory defences, and penetrate deep into the lungs. They can even cross into the pleural cavity. Geoff Tweedale, 51 member and author of Magic Mineral to Killer Dust says that a cubic inch of asbestos contains 15 million miles of fibre. The lowest level asbestos related disease is pleural plaques. These are small areas of thickening of the pleura, the mucous-membrane lining of the lung and chest cavity. Plaques grow to around the size of a 10p piece; can be up to a few millimetres thick, and can calcify. On their own they produce no symptoms; but they serve to indicate that exposure to asbestos fibre has occurred. In something like 5% of cases, people with plaques go on to develop another, more serious condition. Diffuse pleural thickening occurs where the pleura thickens and calcifies over quite a large area, causing breathlessness and chest pains. Asbestosis is caused where the microscopic, needle-sharp asbestos fibres move around in the lung tissue at the base of the lungs where the gaseous exchange takes place. This causes cutting and consequent scarring of the tissue, and reduces the ability of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with haemoglobin. Asbestosis victims display extreme breathlessness, experience pain, and usually need oxygen to help them breathe as it gets worse. Lung cancer is often associated with asbestosis. Mesothelioma is the most dreadful of asbestos-related diseases. It is a tumour of the pleura that grows to fill the pleural cavity, constricting and compressing the lung itself, and filling the cavity between the lungs and chest wall with fluid. It is untreatable, highly painful and always fatal. Mesothelioma is difficult to diagnose; diagnosis is almost always late following onset of the final stages with death following within a few months in most cases. Mesothelioma does not have a clear dose-response relationship. With asbestosis the more fibres are inhaled the greater the progression of the disease; but mesothelioma can develop following a very short period of exposure. All that is required is a notional trigger level. It can then take anything between 15 and 50+ years to develop to the point of diagnosis. This single fact has led to a view that there is no safe level of exposure to asbestos. Where is asbestos found in FE and HE? All asbestos is dangerous, and there has been a total ban on asbestos imports or use in the UK since 1999. However, there is still plenty of it around in buildings. Anything built between around 1900 and the late 1970s will probably contain asbestos in some form. Most likely sources are asbestos cement rainwater and sewage pipes, asbestos board in walls, ceilings and partitions, asbestos in floor tiles; lift shaft fire protection, asbestos cement roofing sheets and even encapsulated insulation on boilers and old pipe-work serving heating and steam systems. Its dangers are now most likely to be experienced by maintenance, building and demolition workers but material disturbed during maintenance or refurbishment can escape to be inhaled by others, if the correct precautions arent taken. Some experts also think that natural building movements due to temperature variations etc. can cause abrasion leading to the release of fibres into the atmosphere. What does an employer have to do? The 2002 Control of Asbestos Regulations introduced a duty on employers and controllers of premises to manage asbestos. This duty means employers have to: Take reasonable steps to identify asbestos-containing materials Presume materials contain asbestos unless there is clear evidence they dont Assess the risk of the likelihood of anyone being exposed to asbestos from such materials Make a written record of the location, type of asbestos and its condition, and keep it up to date Prepare a plan to manage the risk posed by the asbestos, and ensure that people who might disturb it have appropriate information Keep asbestos-containing materials in a good state of repair Monitor the condition of the materials Review and monitor the plan and the arrangements for implementing it. The Approved Code of Practice to the Regulations requires the employer to ensure they fully involve trade union safety reps in this process at all stages. Because of the potential danger posed to health, it is also an issue which falls within the consultation requirements under the Safety Reps and Safety Committees Regulations. Any activity that is likely to disturb asbestos-containing materials needs to be undertaken with appropriate safety procedures. Major work like refurbishment or demolition, which necessitate removal of the materials will need to be undertaken by licensed and approved contractors, and will involve isolation in a negative pressure enclosure, approved cleaning equipment and air monitoring, with a clearance certificate issued when the job is completed. Minor work like drilling for a new light switch can be undertaken with fairly simple precautions and dust extraction, local isolation etc. Information about the Regulation of asbestos The HSE have published some comprehensive guidance for small jobs and minor works: HSG213: Asbestos Essentials (ISBN 0-7176-1901-X) and HSG 210: Asbestos Essentials Task Manual (ISBN 0-7176-1887-0) both available from the HSE Bookshop. (01787 881165) L143: Work with materials containing asbestos: The Control of Asbestos Regulations 2006 including the Approved Code of Practice and Guidance (ISBN 0-7176-6206-3) HSE Books L127: The management of asbestos in non-domestic premises ACoP and guidance. HSE Books. Paragraph 5 of the ACoP says the employer should make this document available to safety reps. See also: TUC/HSE Guidance for safety reps:  HYPERLINK "http://www.hse.gov.uk/asbestos/repsguide.pdf" http://www.hse.gov.uk/asbestos/repsguide.pdf HSE Asbestos site:  HYPERLINK "http://www.hse.gov.uk/asbestos/information.htm#dtm" http://www.hse.gov.uk/asbestos/information.htm#dtm Please note the two complementary 51 Guidance fact sheets for reps can be found at  HYPERLINK "http://www.ucu.org.uk/media/docs/g/7/asbestos_regs_fact.doc" http://www.ucu.org.uk/media/docs/g/7/asbestos_regs_fact.doc and  HYPERLINK "http://www.ucu.org.uk/media/docs/1/r/asbestosmanagement_hsfact.doc" HYPERLINK "http://www.ucu.org.uk/media/docs/1/r/asbestosmanagement_hsfact.doc"http://www.ucu.org.uk/media/docs/1/r/asbestosmanagement_hsfact.doc     Health and Safety Factsheet -. !u w  ^!!ʽtc!j5B*CJOJQJUph3B* CJOJQJph `56B* CJOJQJph `5CJOJQJ5B* CJOJQJph ` CJOJQJ CJOJQJ5B* CJ(OJQJph `5B* CJOJQJph3f 5OJQJB*CJ$OJQJph3%j5B* CJ0OJQJUmHph3f"jB*CJ$OJQJUmHph3$-. !t u v w  V]^V fV]f^V[$\$  ]^4 !""""### $ $$HI0Qx  ]^ & FV]^`V T & FV]^V` T V]^V4 !""""###########+V$d%d&d'dNOPQ]^V V]^V V]^V!T!U!V!!!!!!!!! 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